Green House Gases and their effect
Greenhouse gases are gases in an atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect.[1 ] The main greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. In our solar system, the atmospheres of Venus, Mars and Titan also contain gases that cause greenhouse effects.
The sharp acceleration in CO2 emissions since 2000 to more than a 3% increase per year (more than 2 ppm per year) from 1.1% per year during the 1990s is attributable to the lapse of formerly declining trends in carbon intensity of both developing and developed nations. Although over 3/4 of cumulative anthropogenic CO2 is still attributable to the developed world, China was responsible for most of global growth in emissions during this period. Localised plummeting emissions associated with the collapse of the Soviet Union have been followed by slow emissions growth in this region due to more efficient energy use, made necessary by the increasing proportion of it that is exported.[27] In comparison, methane has not increased appreciably, and N2O by 0.25% y−1.Many organizations are required to report greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the U.S. EPA mandated by the Mandatory Reporting Rule (MRR). Effective December 29, 2009, large sources and suppliers in the United States will begin collecting data on January 1, 2010 and report GHG emissions to EPA by March 31, 2011. Similar to the EPA MRR, many states also have mandatory reporting requirements. The map below summarizes the current status of different state level GHG reporting requirements (reference: PEW Center on Global Climate Change, July 25th, 2009). The purpose of this article is to summarize verification requirements in the U.S. for different GHG reporting programs.
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