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Wind Turbine Generators.

Wind Turbine systems are available in several designs according to the way they store surplus power generated. For example:

Grid Connected Off Grid Stand alone Hybrid System etc.

Incidentally the applications of each of the above types will depend on the;

Availability of the National Power Grid within an economically viable distance. Ability to sell back surplus power to the National Grid. Buy-back price of unit energy uploaded Whether a reasonable and consistent wind flow is available at the site through out. Availability of a stand-by battery bank of adequate capacity and maintenance of it.

Of these the Grid connected and Stand Alone systems possess the ability to provide continuous power supply to the end user. A hybrid system will possess the same capability subject to it works as a stand alone system.

Stand Alone Small Wind Turbines

Stand Alone systems are Wind Turbines not connected to the Grid Supply but uses a battery bank to store surplus energy generated when the optimum wind velocity is available. The Electrical Energy stored in the battery bank will supplement the power needs of the home as Direct Current (generally below 5 kw) or in the case of higher capacity generators (generally above 5 kw, as Alternating Current.

In the case of the low capacity DC generators the surplus power generated will be directly stored in the battery bank. If the appliances and the power distribution of the home is AC oriented an inverter will be used to convert the power to AC prior to feeding the home distribution.

If the Wind Turbine is generally over 5 kw the electrical energy generated will be alternating current and cannot be stored in the Battery Bank direct. The inverter in this instance will be converting AC to DC for this purpose after stepping down the voltage from 230V (415V if it is 3 phase) to 12 V DC (nominal) generally and stored in the Sealed Lead Acid Battery bank. The inverter will convert the stored energy to AC again when the home demand dictates so.

Hybrid Wind Turbine Systems

A hybrid system will be similar in general to the above stand alone system but will incorporate Solar Powered PV Panel arrays (or diesel Generator Sets) to supplement the wind generated power in situations where the wind velocities decrease due to climatic or geological reasons during the year. The PV panel arrays have purpose designed inverters. Controls for matching the two systems are too necessary. Therefore one must be careful as to what he has to order additionally. Professional assistance in all these cases is therefore strongly advised.

Storage Battery Banks

The battery bank will require quite a few safety devices (such as over charge cut-out, Over current and voltage regulators etc) and controls which are generally solid state. The battery bank is located in a well ventilated (preferably air conditioned) room which is isolated from living areas. (This is because they release corrosive fumes and also pose an explosion hazard to some extent).

Adequate space for regular maintenance is a must. The batteries are of the deep cycle type (regular charging and discharging up to 80% of it's capacity is possible). Automotive batteries (shallow Cycle type) are not suited for this application.

Grid Connected Small Wind Turbines

A grid connected Wind Turbine Power System does not need such a huge array of additional components. It requires only an inverter to make the generated electricity supply compatible with the grid supply along with the necessary power cabling and controls. When the wind generated power is not adequate all it has to do is to draw the additional demand from the power grid. A kwh meter is of course required whether you want to buy the short supply or sell the excess production to the utility.

The cost of power cabling and installation may be high if the distance it has to be drawn is far. As you see it is possible to obtain a consistent power supply from small wind turbines. Under proper guidance these could be made very cost effective too.

Wind turbines are not capable of providing uninterrupted steady power by themselves simply because the wind velocities incident on them fluctuate widely.

Small Wind Turbines are good for power generation as long as the wind velocities 4.5m/s upwards is available. What if wind velocities drop below 4.5 m/s or rise above 16 m/s?

John Mahoney is a freelance author who writes about various technology
realated subjects. For more information about John visit his website
www.techstore.ie.
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Wind Turbine Generators.

The Japanese know that they cannot become subservient to the energy supply dictates of foreign nations—World War II taught them that, as the US decimated their oil supply lines and crippled their military machine. They need to produce energy of their own, and they being an isolated island nation with few natural resources that are conducive to energy production as it is defined now are very open to foreign investment and foreign development as well as the prospect of technological innovation that can make them independent. Allowing corporations such as Vestas to get the nation running on more wind-produced energy is a step in the right direction for the Japanese people.

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The production of energy through what is known as microhydoelectric power plants has also been catching on in Japan. Japan has a myriad rivers and mountain streams, and these are ideally suited places for the putting up of microhydroelectric power plants, which are defined by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization as power plants run by water which have a maximum output of 100 kilowatts or less. By comparison, "minihydroelectric" power plants can put out up to 1000 kilowatts of electrical energy.

In Japan, the small-scaled mini- and micro-hydroelectric power plants have been regarded for a considerable time as being suitable for creating electricity in mountainous regions, but they have through refinement come to be regarded as excellent for Japanese cities as well. Kawasaki City Waterworks, Japan Natural Energy Company, and Tokyo Electric Power Company have all been involved in the development of small-scale hydroelectric power plants within Japanese cities.

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Wind Turbine Generators.

More and more one hears of the environmental issues that have risen as well as the ways in which to help improve the environment. Many people are coming to appreciate the fact that we are destroying our world, and that we must take steps to improve the environment and environmental threats that surround us.

Wind turbines collect energy from natural air flow. When this happens, due to the function of wind turbines, the air slows down and then spreads, diverting it around the wind turbine device or devices.

Here is a condensed idea of how the wind turbine works:

1. The Betz Limit

o Betz Law or, the Betz Limit determined that the use of a wind turbine can generate almost fifty-nine percent of the energy that would flow straight through the cross section in the construction of a turbine.

o No matter what kind of wind turbine or wind turbines one has, regardless of design, the Betz Limit applies.

o Albert Betz, a physicist from Germany, discovered this fact: that a wind turbine works (almost universally) as an incredibly effective kind of energy net for wind power.

o Albert Betz made this discovery in the year 1919.

2. The Unpredictability of Windy Weather

o Because windiness varies no matter where you live, it is impossible to predict exactly how much wind can be generated over a significant period of time such as the yield per year.

o In addition, different places have different probabilities of amounts of wind distribution.

o The most frequently used piece of equipment used to determine the wind speed distribution is a two ? parameter Weibull distribution monitor.

o This piece of equipment is used to determine what have been termed 'distribution shapes? from Gaussian to exponential.

For example: The Rayleigh model

This is a specific form of the Weilbull distribution function. In such a case, the distribution shape should be a parameter that equals two. Imitating or mirroring the distribution shapes, the Rayleigh model of the exact hourly wind speeds and patterns of a particular area.

3. Higher Wind Speed

o Because in certain places there is so much wind power to draw from, a lot of the wind in such places comes in gusts or short bursts.

o Here's a good example:

When comparing the size of fueled power plants to the potential power of wind turbine farms, one will find that 10000 kW of wind turbine power is theoretically enough to produce as much power and energy as approximately one half of that, in power generation that is coal ? fired.

o Despite unpredictability, the annual reports of wind turbine energy output usually vary by only a few points from year to year.

4. Turbine Sitting ? when location is key:

o The general rule is that when a location has an average wind speed of ten miles per hour it is a perfect location for wind generators.

o Meteorology plays a very important part in the determination of exactly where to set up a wind farm or any other kind of wind turbine generator.

o Ideally, one wants a location with a constant stream of wind as opposed to turbulent, gusty high mph winds.

o The wind will virtually always blow faster at higher altitudes because of reduced drag from the sea or land, as well as the subsequently lower amounts of viscosity in the wind current.

o Very flat lands with smooth average speed winds are great locations for wind turbines as well.

5. Wind Parks and / or wind Farms of have many wind power turbines installed.

o Utility-scale wind turbine generators have to have limits for the operating minimum.

o This can prevent the application of a wind power generation system in especially cold areas

o There are, however, many experiments in the making. There are internal heaters, heating lubricants, and minimum temperature monitors to consider in the installation and use of wind turbines.

More and more one hears of the environmental issues that have risen as well as the ways in which to help improve the environment. Many people are coming to appreciate the fact that we are destroying our world, and that we must take steps to improve the environment and environmental threats that surround us.

Professionals have estimated that 1% to 3% of the Sun's energy, the energy that hits the earth, transforms into wind energy. To give you an idea of how much energy this is, in simple terms: it is about fifty to one-hundred times the amount of energy that is produced by plant life and biomass over the entire earth.

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Wind Turbine Generators.